Umayyad History ~ The leading Info

The victorious Arabic armies of the Umayyad dynasty. the high pint of the ABbasid dynasty. He provided liberal support for artists & writers and bestowed lavish gifts on his favorites & distributed money to the poor by throwing coins into the streets.The Umayyad Dynasty. The Umayyads do not fare well in Islamic history which tells a tale of an unremitting line degenerate and weak caliphs In part to alleviate that threat, al-Walid instituted Arabic as the only official language of the empire. He decreed that all administration was to be done only in...The first caliph of the Umayyad Empire was Muawiya - when he took control he moved the capital of the Empire from Medina to Damascus in Syria where his supporters and armies were The Rise & Fall of China's Han Dynasty Empire…and it's Rise & Fall Again.Umayyad Dynasty. After Ali's death and his son Hasan's renunciation of the caliphate, Muaw'iya became the undisputed caliph of the Muslim In the east, Muslim armies conquered Afghanistan and territory across the Indus River deep into India, where they made numerous converts among the...According to Muslim tradition, the Umayyad leaders of the early caliphates were among the families that had originally followed Prophet Muhammad. Given the inclusion of the Umayyads in the linage of the Quraysh and in the Islamic version of history (but without implying an early conversion to Islam)...

The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 CE) | The Umayyad Dynasty

The Muslim army was victorious, and through Chinese captives, learned about paper, which would replace papyrus and parchment, making Abbasid intellectual By most accounts, Abd al-Rahman was the lone survivor of the Umayyad dynasty after the Abbasids murdered his extended family.Umayyad dynasty, the first great Muslim dynasty to rule the empire of the caliphate (661-750). The Umayyad dynasty centralized authority within the Islamic civilization , perhaps most notably with its fifth ruler ʿAbd al-Malik . ʿAbd al-Malik implemented a broad program of Arabization, making Arabic the...b. allowed the conquered peoples to practice their own religions. c. opened up positions of authority to non-Muslims. d. restricted the jizya to practicing Muslims. e. forced everyone to convert from Sunni to Shia.The Umayyad dynasty was founded by Muawiyah bin Abu Sufyan bin Harb. The name of this dynasty was The Umayyads also made Mecca and Medina at that time the cities where music, songs and poetry Among the sciences that were experiencing rapid progress at that time were Arabic, hadith...

UMAYYAD DYNASTY | Indo Pak History # 04 | Collective Effort

The victorious Arab troops conquered Qarquqya. Zaranj fell after a siege and jizya was imposed. The victorious commander Hajjaj was assigned the province of Basra. Under Hajjaj, Arab armies During the reign of the Ummayad dynasty, the Arab conquerors imposed Arabic as the primary...The Umayyad dynasty or Umayyads (الأمويون), were the ruling family of the Muslim caliphate between 661 and 750 and later of Islamic Spain between 756 and 1031.A) Forced the conquered peoples to convert to Islam B) Allowed the conquered peoples to practice their own religion C) Opened up positions of authority to non-Muslims D) Restricted the Jizya to practicing Muslims.Umayyad's dynasty was dependent on Arabs power and strength and their decline became the To keep the Empire united, the Umayyad dynasty had employed a system of rotating garrisons of When the Umayyad Emir of Al Andalus (Arabic term for 'Iberian Peninsula'), Abd-ar-Rahman III...Umayyad dynasty, also spelled Omayyad, the first great Muslim dynasty to rule the empire of the Islamic arts: Early period: the Umayyad and ʿAbbāsid dynasties. Of all the recognizable periods of Decline began with the disastrous defeat of the Syrian army by the Byzantine emperor Leo III (the...

Jump to navigation Jump to look "Umayyads" redirects right here. For the states dominated through the dynasty, see Umayyad Caliphate and Caliphate of Córdoba.Ummayad dynastyبَنُو أُمَيَّةَالأمويونParent familyBanu Abd-Shams of the QurayshCountry Ummayad Caliphate(661–750) Al-Andalus (Islamic Spain)(756–1031)Place of originMecca, ArabiaFounded661FounderMuawiyah ITitlesCaliph (Ummayad Caliphate)Emir (Emirate of CordobaCaliph (Caliphate of Cordoba)

The Umayyad dynasty (Arabic: بَنُو أُمَيَّةَ‎, romanized: Banū Umayya, lit. 'Sons of Umayya') or Umayyads (الأمويون), were the ruling family of the Muslim caliphate between 661 and 750 and later of Islamic Spain between 756 and 1031. In the pre-Islamic duration, they have been a distinguished clan of the Meccan tribe of Quraysh, descended from Umayya ibn Abd Shams. Despite staunch opposition to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, the Umayyads embraced Islam earlier than the latter's dying in 632. A member of the clan, Uthman, went directly to turn into the 1/3 Rashidun caliph in 644–656, while different participants held quite a lot of governorships. One of these governors, Mu'awiya I, fought the First Muslim Civil War in 661 and established the Umayyad Caliphate with its capital in Damascus, Syria. This marked the starting of the Umayyad dynasty, the first hereditary dynasty in the historical past of Islam, and the just one to rule over the complete Islamic international of its time.

The Sufyanid line founded via Mu'awiya failed in 683 and Umayyad authority was challenged in the Second Muslim Civil War, however the dynasty ultimately prevailed beneath Marwan I, who founded the Marwanid line of Umayyad caliphs. The Umayyads drove on the early Muslim conquests, including North Africa, Spain, Central Asia, and Sindh, but the consistent struggle exhausted the state's military resources, whilst Alid revolts and tribal rivalries weakened the regime from within. Finally, in 750 the Abbasid Revolution overthrew Caliph Marwan II and massacred maximum of the family. One of the survivors, Abd al-Rahman, a grandson of Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, escaped to Muslim Iberia (al-Andalus), the place he founded the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba, which Abd al-Rahman III elevated to the status of a caliphate in 929. After a brief golden era, the Caliphate of Córdoba disintegrated into several independent taifa kingdoms in 1031, thus marking a definitive finish to the Umayyad dynasty.

History

Pre-Islamic origins

The Umayyads, or Banu Umayya, were a clan of the higher Quraysh tribe, which dominated Mecca in the pre-Islamic era.[1] The Quraysh derived prestige among the Arab tribes via their protection and upkeep of the Ka'aba, which at the time was once looked via the largely polytheistic Arabs throughout the Arabian Peninsula as their maximum sacred sanctuary.[1] A definite Qurashi tribesman, Abd Manaf ibn Qusayy, who in accordance with his position in the genealogical custom would have lived in the latter half of the fifth century, used to be it sounds as if charged with the repairs and protection of the Ka'aba and its pilgrims.[2] These roles passed to his sons Abd Shams, Hashim and others.[2] Abd Shams was once the father of Umayya, the eponymous progenitor of the Umayyads.[3]

Umayya succeeded Abd Shams as the qāʾid (wartime commander) of the Meccans.[4] This place was once most likely an occasional political put up whose holder oversaw the path of Mecca's military affairs in instances of struggle as a substitute of a real field command.[4] This proved instructive as later Umayyads had been identified for possessing considerable political and armed forces organizational skills.[4] Historian Giorgio Levi Della Vida suggests that knowledge in Muslim conventional resources about Umayya, as with all the ancient progenitors of the tribes of Arabia, "be accepted with caution", however "that too great skepticism with regard to tradition would be as ill-advised as absolute faith in its statements".[3] Della Vida further asserts that since the Umayyads who seem at the beginning of Muslim historical past in the early 7th century had been no later than third-generation descendants of Umayya, the latter's life is very believable.[3]

By circa 600, the Quraysh had advanced trans-Arabian business networks, organizing caravans to Syria in the north and Yemen in the south.[1] The Banu Umayya and the Banu Makhzum dominated those trade networks and advanced economic and armed forces alliances with the nomadic Arab tribes that managed the northern and central Arabian barren region expanses, gaining them some extent of political energy in Arabia.[5]

Opposition to Islam and adoption of Islam

When the Islamic prophet Muhammad, a member of the Banu Hashim, a politically weaker and less wealthy extended family of the Quraysh associated with the Banu Umayya thru their shared ancestor, Abd Manaf, started his spiritual teachings in Mecca, he was antagonistic through most of the Quraysh.[6][7] He in the long run found make stronger from the population of Medina and relocated there together with his followers in 622.[8] The descendants of Abd Shams, together with the Umayyads, have been among the main leaders of Qurashi opposition to Muhammad.[9] They superseded the Banu Makhzum led by Abu Jahl in consequence of the heavy losses that its leadership incurred fighting the Muslims at the Battle of Badr in 624.[10] An Umayyad chieftain, Abu Sufyan, thereafter changed into the leader of the Meccan army that fought the Muslims under Muhammad at the battles of Uhud and the Trench.[9]

Abu Sufyan and his sons, in conjunction with maximum of the Umayyads, ultimately embraced Islam towards the end of Muhammad's lifestyles, following the Muslim conquest of Mecca.[9] To secure the loyalty of certain outstanding Umayyad leaders, including Abu Sufyan, Muhammad introduced them items and positions of importance in the nascent Muslim state.[9] He put in every other member of the extended family, Attab ibn Asid ibn Abi al-Is, as the first governor of Mecca.[11] Though Mecca retained its paramountcy as a non secular heart, Medina endured to serve as the political center of the Muslims. Abu Sufyan and the Banu Umayya relocated to the city to care for their rising political influence.[12]

Following Muhammad's death in 632, a succession crisis ensued and nomadic tribes right through Arabia that had embraced Islam defected from Medina.[13]Abu Bakr, depended on by the Ansar and the Muhajirun (Muhammad's preliminary supporters from Medina and Mecca, respectively) as one of Muhammad's oldest friends and earliest converts to Islam and authorised by means of the overdue converts from the Quraysh as a local Meccan who assured their influential function in state issues, used to be elected caliph (paramount political and spiritual chief of the Muslim neighborhood).[14] Abu Bakr confirmed want to the Umayyads through awarding them a outstanding position in the Muslim conquest of Syria. He first assigned the Umayyad Khalid ibn Sa'id ibn al-As as commander of the expedition, then changed him with four commanders, amongst whom was Yazid, the son of Abu Sufyan, who owned assets and maintained industry networks in Syria.[15][16]

Abu Bakr's successor, Caliph Umar (r. 634–644), although he actively curtailed the affect of the Qurayshi elite in choose of Muhammad's previous supporters in the administration and military, didn't disturb the rising foothold of Abu Sufyan's sons in Syria, which was all however conquered by way of 638.[17] When his total commander over the province, Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah, died in 639, he appointed Yazid governor of its Damascus, Palestine and Jordan districts.[17] Yazid died in a while after and Umar installed his brother Mu'awiya in his place.[18] Umar's outstanding remedy of Abu Sufyan's sons could have stemmed from his admire for the circle of relatives, their burgeoning alliance with the tough Banu Kalb tribe as a counterbalance to the influence of the Himyarite tribes who entered the Homs district all through the conquest or the lack of an acceptable candidate at the time, specifically amid the plague of Amwas which had already killed Abu Ubayda and Yazid.[18]

Empowerment by means of Caliph Uthman

Uthman ibn Affan, a wealthy Umayyad service provider, early convert to Islam and son-in-law and close significant other of Muhammad succeeded Caliph Umar upon the latter's death in 644.[19] Uthman to begin with stored his predecessors' appointees of their provincial posts, however gradually replaced many with Umayyads or his maternal kinsmen from the Banu Umayya's mum or dad extended family, the Banu Abd Shams:[20] Mu'awiya, who have been appointed governor of Syria by way of Umar, retained his put up; al-Walid ibn Uqba and Sa'id ibn al-'As have been successively appointed to Kufa, one of the two main garrisons and administrative centers of Iraq; and Marwan ibn al-Hakam changed into his chief adviser.[20] Though a distinguished member of the extended family, Uthman is not regarded as section of the Umayyad dynasty because he was selected by means of consensus (shura) amongst the internal circle of Muslim management and never tried to appoint an Umayyad as his successor.[21] Nonetheless, because of this of Uthman's policies, the Umayyads regained a measure of the energy they'd lost after the Muslim conquest of Mecca.[21]

The assassination of Uthman in 656 turned into a rallying cry for the Qurashi opposition to his successor and cousin of Muhammad, Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib of the Banu Hashim.[22] The Qurashi elite didn't hold Ali responsible, but hostile his accession below the instances of Uthman's loss of life. Following their defeat at the Battle of the Camel close to Basra, which saw the deaths of their leaders Talha ibn Ubayd Allah and al-Zubayr ibn Awwam, each attainable contenders of the caliphate, the mantle of opposition to Ali was once taken up chiefly via Mu'awiya.[22] Initially, he avoided openly claiming the caliphate, focusing as a substitute on undermining Ali's authority and consolidating his place in Syria, all in the identify of avenging Uthman's death.[23] Mu'awiya and Ali with their respective Syrian and Iraqi supporters fought a stalemate at the Battle of Siffin in 657.[24] It ultimately resulted in an indecisive arbitration, which in the long run weakened Ali's command over his partisans, whilst raising the stature of Mu'awiya as Ali's equivalent.[25] As Ali used to be slowed down fighting his former partisans, who turned into known as the Kharijites, Mu'awiya was identified as caliph through his core supporters, the Syrian Arab tribes, in 659 or 660.[26] When Ali was once assassinated through a Kharijite in 661, Mu'awiya took the alternative to march on Kufa where he ultimately forced Ali's son Hasan to cede caliphal authority and acquire recognition from the area's Arab tribal the Aristocracy.[26] As a outcome, Mu'awiya was broadly authorized as caliph, although opposition through the Kharijites and a few of Ali's loyalists continued, albeit at a much less constant degree.[27]

Establishment of caliphate in Damascus Main article: Umayyad Caliphate

The reunification of the Muslim neighborhood below Mu'awiya's management marked the establishment of the Umayyad dynasty.[27] Based on the accounts of the traditional Muslim sources, Hawting writes that

... the Umayyads, leading representatives of those who had adversarial the Prophet [Muhammad] until the newest imaginable second, had inside of thirty years of his loss of life reestablished their position to the extent that they were now at the head of the neighborhood which he had based.[27]

Branches

In the early 7th century, prior to their conversion to Islam, the primary branches of the Umayyads had been the A'yas and the Anabisa.[4] The former grouped the descendants of Umayya's sons Abu al-As, al-As, Abu al-Is and al-Uways, all of whose names shared the similar or similar root, therefore the eponymous label, "Aʿyās".[4] The Anabisa, which is the plural form of Anbasa, a common identify on this branch of the extended family, collected the descendants of Umayya's sons Harb, Abu Harb, Abu Sufyan Anbasa, Sufyan, Amr and Umayya's possibly adopted son, Abu Amr Dhakwan.[4]

Two of the sons of Abu al-As, Affan and al-Hakam, each and every fathered future caliphs, Uthman and Marwan I, respectively.[4] From the latter's descendants, known as the Marwanids, came the Umayyad caliphs of Damascus who reigned successively between 684 and 750, and then the Cordoba-based emirs and caliphs of al-Andalus (Muslim Spain), who held workplace until 1031.[4] Other than those who had escaped to al-Andalus, maximum of the Marwanids had been killed in the Abbasid purges of 750. However, a number of them settled in Egypt and Iran, the place one of them, Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, authored the well-known supply of Arab history, the Kitab al-Aghani.[4] Uthman, the 0.33 Rashidun caliph, who dominated between 644 and 656, left several descendants, some of whom served political posts beneath the Umayyad caliphs.[4] From the Abu al-Is line came the politically important circle of relatives of Asid ibn Abi al-Is, whose members served army and gubernatorial posts beneath quite a lot of Rashidun and Umayyad caliphs.[4] The al-As line, in the meantime, produced Sa'id ibn al-As, who served as one of Uthman's governors in Kufa.[4]

The most well known circle of relatives of the Anabisa department was once that of Harb's son Abu Sufyan Sakhr.[28] From his descendants, the Sufyanids, came Mu'awiya I, who based the Umayyad Caliphate in 661, and Mu'awiya I's son and successor, Yazid I.[29] Sufyanid rule ceased with the dying of the latter's son Mu'awiya II in 684, although Yazid's different sons Khalid and Abd Allah persisted to play political roles in the caliphate with the former being credited as the founder of Arabic alchemy.[29] Abd Allah's son Abu Muhammad Ziyad al-Sufyani, meanwhile, led a insurrection towards the Abbasids in 750, however used to be in the end slain.[29] Abu Sufyan's different sons were Yazid, who preceded Mu'awiya I as governor of Syria, Amr, Anbasa, Muhammad and Utba.[29] Only the closing two left progeny.[29] Another important circle of relatives of the Anabisa were the descendants of Abu Amr, known as the Banu Abi Mu'ayt.[29] Abu Amr's grandson Uqba ibn Abu Mu'ayt used to be captured and accomplished on Muhammad's orders all over the Battle of Badr for his up to now harsh incitement against the prophet.[29] Uqba's son, al-Walid, served as Uthman's governor in Kufa for a temporary length.[29] The Banu Abi Mu'ayt made Iraq and Upper Mesopotamia their home.[29]

List of Umayyad caliphs

Further data: Umayyad Caliphate Umayyad Caliphate Caliph Reign Muawiya I ibn Abu Sufyan 28 July 661 – 27 April 680 Yazid I ibn Muawiyah 27 April 680 – 11 November 683 Muawiya II ibn Yazid 11 November 683– June 684 Marwan I ibn al-Hakam June 684– 12 April 685 Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan 12 April 685 – 8 October 705 al-Walid I ibn Abd al-Malik 8 October 705 – 23 February 715 Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik 23 February 715 – 22 September 717 Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz 22 September 717 – 4 February 720 Yazid II ibn Abd al-Malik 4 February 720 – 26 January 724 Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik 26 January 724 – 6 February 743 al-Walid II ibn Yazid 6 February 743 – 17 April 744 Yazid III ibn al-Walid 17 April 744 – 4 October 744 Ibrahim ibn al-Walid 4 October 744 – 4 December 744 Marwan II ibn Muhammad 4 December 744 – 25 January 750 Dynasty ended in the Ummayad Caliphate after the Abbasid Revolution Dynasty overthrown by way of Abbasids

Rulers of Andalus (Islamic Spain)

Further information: Emirate of Córdoba and Caliphate of Córdoba Rulers of al-Andalus Emirate of Córdoba Emir Reign Abd al-Rahman I 15 May 756 – 30 September 788 Hisham I 6 October 788 – 16 April 796 Al-Hakam I 12 June 796 – 21 May 822 Abd al-Rahman II 21 May 822 – 852 Muhammad I 852 – 886 Al-Mundhir 886 – 888 Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Umawi 888 — 15 October 912 Abd al-Rahman III 16 October 912 – 16 January 929 Name exchange after Abd al-Rahman III proclaimed himself Caliph of Córdoba Caliphate of Córdoba Caliph Reign Abd al-Rahman III 16 January 929 – 15 October 961 Al-Hakam II 15 October 961 – 16 October 976 Hisham II 16 October 976 – 1009 Muhammad II 1009 Sulayman ibn al-Hakam 1009 – 1010 Hisham II 1010 – 19 April 1013 Sulayman ibn al-Hakam 1013 – 1016 Abd al-Rahman IV 1017 Dynasty ended via the Hammudid dynasty (1017–1023) Caliphate of Córdoba (Restored) Abd al-Rahman V 1023 – 1024 Muhammad III 1024 – 1025 Interregnum of the Hammudid dynasty (1025–1026) Caliphate of Córdoba (Restored) Hisham III 1026 – 1031 Dynasty overthrown

Family tree of Umayyad rulers

Key Uthman ibn Affan (Rashidun Caliph, 644–656) Umayyad Caliphs of Damascus (661–750) Umayyad Emirs of Córdoba (756–929) Umayyad Caliphs of Córdoba (929–1031)

References

Citations ^ a b c Watt 1986, p. 434. ^ a b Hawting 2000a, pp. 21-22. ^ a b c Della Vida 2000, p. 837. ^ a b c d e f g h i j okay l Della Vida 2000, p. 838. ^ Donner 1981, p. 51. ^ Donner 1981, p. 53. ^ Wellhausen 1927, pp. 40–41. ^ Donner 1981, p. 54. ^ a b c d Hawting 2000, p. 841. ^ Wellhausen 1927, p. 41. ^ Poonawala 1990, p. 8. ^ Wellhausen 1927, pp. 20–21. ^ Donner 1981, p. 82. ^ Donner 1981, pp. 83–84. ^ Madelung 1997, p. 45. ^ Donner 1981, p. 114. ^ a b Madelung 1997, pp. 60–61. ^ a b Madelung 1997, p. 61. ^ Ahmed 2010, p. 106. ^ a b Ahmed 2010, p. 107. ^ a b Hawting 2000a, p. 26. ^ a b Hawting 2000a, p. 27. ^ Hawting 2000a, pp. 27–28. ^ Hawting 2000a, p. 28. ^ Hawting 2000a, pp. 28–29. ^ a b Hawting 2000a, p. 30. ^ a b c Hawting 2000a, p. 31. ^ Della Vida 2000, pp. 838-839. ^ a b c d e f g h i Della Vida 2000, p. 839. Sources Ahmed, Asad Q. (2010). The Religious Elite of the Early Islamic Ḥijāz: Five Prosopographical Case Studies. Oxford: University of Oxford Linacre College Unit for Prosopographical Research. ISBN 978-1-900934-13-8. Donner, Fred M. (1981). The Early Islamic Conquests. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-05327-8. Della Vida, Giorgio Levi (2000). "Banu Umayya". In Bearman, P. J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume X: T–U. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 837–838. ISBN 978-90-04-11211-7. Hawting, G. R. (2000a). The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750 (2d Edition). London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-24072-7. Hawting, G. R. (2000). "Umayyad Caliphate". In Bearman, P. J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume X: T–U. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 841–844. ISBN 978-90-04-11211-7. Kennedy, Hugh (1996). Muslim Spain and Portugal. A political history of al-Andalus. London: Longman. ISBN 0-582-49515-6. Kennedy, Hugh N. (2004). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the eleventh Century (2nd ed.). Harlow, UK: Pearson Education. ISBN 0-582-40525-4. Madelung, Wilferd (1997). The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56181-7. Poonawala, Ismail, ed. (1990). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume IX: The Last Years of the Prophet: The Formation of the State, A.D. 630–632/A.H. 8–11. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-691-7. Watt, W. Montgomery (1986). "Kuraysh". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume V: Khe–Mahi. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 434–435. ISBN 978-90-04-07819-2. Wellhausen, Julius (1927). The Arab Kingdom and its Fall. Translated by way of Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC 752790641. — Imperial house —Umayyad dynastyCadet department of the Quraysh Rashidun Caliphate as optionally available caliphate Caliphate dynasty661 – 6 August 750 Succeeded viaAbbasid dynasty Preceded by way ofUmayyad dynasty as caliphal dynasty Ruling area of the Emirate of Córdoba15 May 756 – 16 January 929 Emirate increased to Caliphate New titleProclaimed as Caliphate Ruling space of the Caliphate of Córdoba16 January 929 – 1017 Succeeded by way ofHammudid dynasty Preceded viaHammudid dynasty Ruling space of the Caliphate of Córdoba1023 – 1025 Succeeded viaHammudid dynasty Preceded by way ofHammudid dynasty Ruling space of the Caliphate of Córdoba1026 – 1031 Caliphate dissolvedinto Taifa kingdoms vteUmayyad dynasty Family tree MediaCaliphs of Damascus(661–750) Muawiyah I Yazid I Muawiya II Marwan I Abd al-Malik Al-Walid I Sulayman I Umar II Yazid II Hisham Al-Walid II Yazid III Ibrahim Marwan IIEmirs of Córdoba(756–929) Abd al-Rahman I Hisham I Al-Hakam I Abd al-Rahman II Muhammad I al-Mundhir Abdullah Abd al-Rahman IIICaliphs of Córdoba(929–1031) Abd al-Rahman III Al-Hakam II Hisham II Muhammad II Sulayman II Hisham II Sulayman II Abd Allah al-Mu'ayti Abd ar-Rahman IV Ali ibn Hammud al-Nasir[H] Al-Qasim al-Ma'mun ibn Hammud[H] Yahya ibn Ali al-Mu'tali[H] Al-Qasim al-Ma'mun ibn Hammud[H] Abd ar-Rahman V Muhammad III Yahya ibn Ali al-Mu'tali[H] Hisham III[H] indicates Hammudid usurpers vteUmayyad Caliphate subjectsCaliphs Muawiyah I Yazid I Muawiya II Marwan I Abd al-Malik Al-Walid I Sulayman Umar II Yazid II Hisham Al-Walid II Yazid III Ibrahim Marwan IIHistory Uthman First Fitna First siege of Constantinople Second Fitna Muslim conquest of the Maghreb Revolt of Ibn al-Ash'ath Umayyad conquest of Hispania Muslim conquest of Transoxiana Umayyad campaigns in India Second siege of Constantinople Umayyad invasion of Gaul Second Arab–Khazar War Revolt of Yazid b. al-Muhallab Revolt of Harith b. Surayj Revolt of Zayd b. Ali Berber Revolt Third Fitna Abbasid RevolutionExecutive Caliph Umayyad dynasty Governors Diwan Barid Shurta al-Haras Qays–Yaman contention Mawali al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf Umayyad coinage Gold dinar Dirham Arab–Sasanian coinageCulture Umayyad architecture Desert castles Great Mosque of Aleppo Great Mosque of Damascus Dome of the Rock Umayyad artwork Painting of the Six Kings Media vteClans of Quraysh Banu Abd al-Dar Banu Abd Shams Banu Umayya Banu Adi Banu Hashim Banu Abbas Banu Husays Banu Jumah Banu Sahm Banu Makhzum Banu Nawfal Banu Taym Banu Zuhrah Authority control GND: 11858992X LNB: 000235621 NDL: 00573989 NKC: jx20060403101 NTA: 254826474 PLWABN: 9810570679505606 SELIBR: 303660 VIAF: 280131872, 69722088, 3147965684284080675, 2218155832961733490007, 28151776796418012143 WorldCat Identities: viaf-69722088 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Umayyad_dynasty&oldid=1015242321"